髓内钉与锁定钢板固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的Meta分析

文题释义： 肱骨近端骨折：指发生在肱骨近端、外科颈及以上部位一类骨折的总称。解剖颈是真正意义上的肱骨颈，是在肱骨头下方的一个收窄环。而外科颈，是肱骨近心端骨密质和骨松质交界的地方，这个地方是肱骨骨折最易发的部位，所以叫外科颈。位于肱骨上端与体交界处稍细的部分，解剖颈下2.0-3.0 cm处。 Meta分析：中文译为“荟萃分析”，定义是对具备特定条件的、同课题的诸多研究结果进行综合的一类统计方法。广义上的Meta指的是一个科学的临床研究活动，指全面收集所有相关研究并逐个进行严格评价和分析，再用定量合成的方法对资料进行统计学处理得出综合结论的整个过程；狭义上的Meta指的是一种单纯的定量合成的统计学方法。 背景：肱骨近端骨折是成人上肢骨折常见的类型之一，随着人口老龄化，肱骨近端骨折近年来发病率持续升高，而其治疗方法目前依然存在争议。 目的：用Meta分析的研究方法，比较锁定钢板和髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。 方法：检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、万方医学网、维普等数据库，收集使用髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的文献，制定文献纳入与排除标准，对入选文献提取数据，选择连续性变量(Constant评分、手术时间、出血量)和二分类变量(总并发症、术后感染、螺钉切出及内固定失效、肱骨头坏死、二次手术、肩峰撞击)进行分析，作为Meta分析的评价指标。使用统计软件Stata 12.0对数据进行分析。 结果与结论：①一共纳入8篇文献，一共891例患者，对9项数据进行了分析；②其中在出血量(SMD=-1.82， 95%CI：-2.77至-0.87，P < 0.001)、手术时间(SMD=-1.47，95%CI：-2.13至-0.80，P < 0.001)方面，髓内钉组优于钢板组，其余结果2组差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；③说明髓内钉在治疗肱骨近端骨折时，在手术时间、术中出血量上优于锁定钢板；在总的并发症发生率、各常见并发症发生率以及术后肩关节功能恢复上两者结果相近。 ORCID: 0000-0003-0064-0430(陈锦涛) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

侧卧位无牵引床髓内钉固定在股骨粗隆下骨折治疗中的应用

目的 探讨侧卧位无牵引床髓内钉固定在股骨粗隆下骨折治疗中应用的效果。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2015年11月-2018年7月五河县人民医院骨科收治的34例股骨粗隆下骨折患者的临床资料。其中男20例、女14例,年龄23~83(61.7±12.7)岁;SeinsheimerⅡA型5例、ⅡB型4例、ⅡC型7例、ⅢA型3例、ⅢB型5例、Ⅳ型6例、Ⅴ型4例;受伤至手术时间1~12(7.0±1.9)d。患者均在C臂X线机透视下,采用侧卧位无牵引床闭合复位髓内钉固定治疗。记录患者术前体位摆放时间、手术操作时间、术中失血量、术中X线透视次数、骨折复位质量、术后并发症及骨折愈合时间;术后定期随访,记录并比较术后1、6个月及末次随访时髋关节疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、髋关节功能Harris评分,末次随访根据Harris评分评价关节功能。结果 患者体位摆放时间5~11(7.7±1.6)min,手术时间为29~82(60.3±10.9)min,术中失血量为45~350(212.3±57.8)mL,术中透视次数为18~53(33.8±7.3)次。术后即刻摄片,骨折复位质量获解剖复位13例,可接受的复位21例。术后患者切口均一期愈合,未发生感染、深静脉血栓形成、内固定失败。34例患者均获随访,随访时间12~48(22.4±7.7)个月。骨折愈合时间为4~12(5.8±1.7)个月。1例Seinsheimer Ⅳ型患者术后7个月仍未骨愈合,取自体髂骨植骨处理,二次术后3个月愈合。术后1、6个月及末次随访时患者髋关节疼痛VAS评分依次为(4.76±0.96)、(1.91±0.79)和(0.97±0.63)分,Harris评分依次为(74.35±5.83)、(78.79±6.31)和(85.76±6.53)分,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。末次随访髋关节功能优11例、良20例、可2例、差1例,优良率达91.2%。结论 侧卧位无牵引床髓内钉固定治疗股骨粗隆下骨折,方法简便、微创,能够取得满意的手术效果,适合在基层医院应用推广。     

Recent progress on the diagnosis of 2019 Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has become a global pandemic. Therefore, convenient, timely and accurate detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 is urgently needed. Here, we review the types, characteristics and shortcomings of various detection methods, as well as perspectives for the SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Clinically, nucleic acid‐based methods are sensitive but prone to false‐positive. The antibody‐based method has slightly lower sensitivity but higher accuracy. Therefore, it is suggested to combine the two methods to improve the detection accuracy of COVID‐19.     

Gastroplastia de Collis robótica

The true short esophagus is an entity of controversy among surgeons. Studies have been published about its diagnosis and laparoscopic treatment, without existing to date, publication of the treatment with robotic approach. We present, as a case report, our experience in robotic surgery for hiatal hernia with true short esophagus treated with Collis gastroplasty and Toupet fundoplication. Robotic surgery on the true short esophagus can facilitate mediastinal dissection and allow a more accurate suture technique. Studies are needed to compare the long-term results of this surgical technique between the conventional laparoscopic approach and the robotic approach.     

Elucidation of demographic,clinical and trichoscopic features for early diagnosis of self-healing acute diffuse and total alopecia

The term “acute diffuse and total alopecia” (ADTA) has been often used as a synonym for self-regressing severe alopecia areata (AA). However, ADTA is originally defined as a rapidly-progressive subtype of AA (RP-AA) with short recovery time and favorable prognosis irrespective of interventions. Indeed, a subpopulation of ADTA recovers spontaneously. We focused on this unique subset of AA, which we coined as “self-healing ADTA” (sADTA). Prompt and accurate differentiation of sADTA from other RP-AA is important to avoid unnecessary treatments, which is still challenging due to the lack of predictive diagnostic hallmarks. In this study, 18 sADTA patients were retrospectively analyzed to delineate their demographics and clinical features, including gentle hair pull test and trichoscopic findings, followed by statistical comparison with those of RP-AA. All sADTA cases were female and the average age was 38.1 ± 15.9 years. The progression of hair loss areas peaked at 3.6 ± 1.5 months, and complete hair regrowth was achieved in 7.9 ± 1.7 months. The identified factors supporting the diagnosis of sADTA included being female; the absence of scalp pain and itch; the absence of extra-scalp hair loss; club hair predominance in hair pull test; predominant short vellus hairs; and increase in vacant follicular ostia on trichoscopy. Subsequently, a scoring system for early diagnosis of sADTA was developed by counting the number of six identified factors present in a tested case. When analyzed by the developed system, all sADTA cases, including an additional four cases, had scores of 4 or above, while all RP-AA cases had scores below 3 except one case. Therefore, the system successfully differentiated sADTA from RP-AA (P < 0.01). Despite some technical limitations, the current study suggested that sADTA is a distinctive entity with unique pathophysiology and that early diagnosis before intervention is feasible based on the characteristics.